Leadership and Organizational Change - A Team-Based Approach

Change is never easy; it is in our human nature tobe, "What is leadership?" Carefully listen to each
resist change - whatever the cause. However,person's definition: one will typically find many
despite this fact, many organizations havedifferent versions of what each person believes
managed to overcome the barriers to change andleadership is. However, despite these differences
have adopted new models for not only leadershipNahavandi (2003) points out that leadership
styles, but many other organizational processescontains three similar elements: (1) leadership is a
as well (Nahavandi, 2003). As you might havegroup phenomenon; there can be no leaders
already identified, one of the most difficult modelswithout followers and therefore is already a team
to change is moving from a typical hierarchical orenvironment, (2) leadership is goal directed,
autocratic style of management to a moremeaning leaders always influence or guide teams
democratic or team-oriented style of leadership.to a specific course of action to achieve a specific
However, the key to effective organizationalgoals, and (3) in the presence of a leader, one
change is a sound change management processassumes some form of hierarchy or autocratic
(Dudink & Berge, 2006). Part of that changeleadership. However, while this may be the case, it
management process, is also preparing yourcan also be informal, flexible and with mostly equal
business for a new shift in leadership methodspower.
and requires that the organization build aBy addressing these three similar elements,
team-oriented culture - starting from the top andNahavandi (2003) continues to show that by
communicating down (Rosenburg, 2001). Managersjoining them, we define a leader as any person
at all levels must identify and leverage eachwho guides or influences teams and helps them in
person's top skills, and create sound value-basedestablishing and reaching goals and objectives in an
communications between team members (Dudinkefficient manner; in a non-autocratic fashion. This
& Berge, 2006).shows that to be an effective leader, one does
Change can be the ultimate test of a leader. Asnot have to use a top-down approach, and the
the leader of an organization, you shouldresponsibilities and accountability of the decisions
implement a solid change management strategy incan be shared amongst the team.
order to effectively manage not only your people,But, the next question is, "How do you get them
but the business dimensions of the organization asto change their style of leadership?" In order to
well (Dudink & Berge, 2006). According tosustain a revolutionary change in an organization,
John Kotter (2007) a leading expert in changeyou need to first motivate those in your guiding
management, leaders often make several keycollation or transformational leadership team.
mistakes - those of which Kotter has specificallyNahvandi (2003) believes transformational
narrowed down to eight key steps. As the leaderleadership is best achieved through inspiration of
of the organization, you should consider takingyour followers, which enables them to "enact
these eight steps into considering in order torevolutionary change". Transformational leadership
develop a solid approach and framework forultimately includes three primary factors: charisma
transforming your organizational leadershipand inspiration (i.e., creating emotional bonds),
methods.intellectual stimulation (i.e., challenging followers to
The first step in dealing with change is to establishsolve problems instead of you), and individual
a sense of urgency. Most change begins whenconsideration (i.e., developing personal relationships
leaders look at the firm's current situation,with each follower). When these three factors are
performance and customer satisfaction (Kotter,combined, they allow a vehicle for change in not
2007). Is customer satisfaction being affectedonly the organization, but in the individuals
because of a slow decision making process? Arethemselves.
there "too many cooks in the kitchen" so toBy following these types of steps an organization
speak? This is perhaps the most important step inwill consequently produces better ideas while
the process and requires involvement andforcing shared accountability of decisions. The
"aggressive cooperation" by everyone in thegreatest implication of these actions will be to
organization.change the way in which people think, act and
The second step is to create a powerful "guidingshare ideas; consequently changing the very
coalition". But what does this mean? Not onlyculture of the company and how it does business.
must the department or divisional leader becomeIn the words of Kotter (2007), "guiding change
a key stakeholder and supporter, but so must themay be the ultimate test of a leader." Human
top-levels of the organization: the Chief Executivenature is to resist change, and an aggressive and
Officer and other senior executives. If the mostsustained change management process for the
important people in the company do not buy in,organization must be implemented as the
the rest will not either (Kotter, 2007). In a smallframework for leading a significant transformation
company, this guiding team may only be three orin organizational culture. Once this framework has
four people, however in a larger organization, thisbeen implemented you as the business leader will
could be a wide range; twenty to fifty people.have efficiently and effectively persuaded your
The remaining steps include:followers, and the rest of the organization into a
1. Defining a long-term vision;new way of thinking. Thus, allowing for better,
2. Communicating that vision aggressively (i.e., tenfaster and higher quality decisions that in turn
times more than you initially think);provide your customers with what they need:
3. Removing obstacles that do not support thesatisfaction.
new vision and empowering others to supportReferences:
that vision;Dudink, G., & Berge, Z. (2006). Balancing
4. Planning for, creating, and celebratingTop-Down, Bottom-Up, and Peer-to-Peer
short-term "wins"Approaches to Sustaining Distance Training.
5. Consolidating improvements and preparing forTurkish Online Journal of Distance Education , 7
more change (i.e., do not declare victory too(3), 144-152.
soon), and;Kotter, J. (2007). Leading Change. Harvard
6. Institutionalizing the new approaches.Business Review , 85 (1), 96-103.
But, how do you effectively persuade others toNahavandi, A. (2006). The art and science of
buy-in to organizational change; specifically fromleadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
an autocratic to a democratic style of leadership?Rosenberg, M. (2001). E-Learning: Strategies for
The first question that should be posed to eachDelivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. New York:
and every individual in your guiding coalition shouldMcGraw-Hill.