Project Portfolio Management - Staying Optimized Over the Long Term

One of the challenges of project portfolioorganizations take to do it manually. Plus, they get
management is planning and maintaining ana much better return for their investment
optimized portfolio of projects over the long termbecause they have optimized for it.
as you launch new projects, finish successfulLet's take a look at what this might look like in
projects, and kill unsuccessful projects. Maintainingpractice:
an optimized portfolio means consistently workingJane has 40 potential projects entered in Optsee
on a set of projects over time that deliversthat she has ranked by value to her firm, but she
maximum value to your firm from your financial,can only start a few of them each quarter
resource, and time investments.because of her resource constraints. She wants
To start, you will need a process and a projectto get her most important projects started first
portfolio management tool that allows you toas well as several other projects that need to be
prioritize each of your projects by value to yourstarted early because some later projects depend
company (higher value = more important project)on their completion. She also wants to maximize
and then be able to optimize your portfolio againstthe return from her marginal resources.
financial and resource constraints to find the setSo here is what she does:
of projects that will give you the maximum
return from your investments.1. Assigns level-loaded resources and costs on a
Why is optimization important?quarterly basis to all her projects
Consider that for a portfolio of 20 projects, there2. Sets up her project dependencies ("and," "or,"
are over 1 million possible sub-sets of projects to"not," and  "both or neither")
choose from. For a portfolio of 40 projects, there3. Sets some projects as mandatory (forced-in)
are more than 1 trillion possible sub-sets offor a first quarter start and others as
projects to choose from. So trying to choose thenot-to-be-included (forced-out)
right set that will deliver the highest value4. She opens the optimizer and enters her
manually using spreadsheets is virtually impossible.finance, resource, and risk constraints for each
And it is made even more complex when you'requarter using drop-down menus (no programming
trying to manage multiple resource typeor equations)
allocations across different projects.5. She clicks "Optimize"
So you need a project portfolio management toolAfter several minutes, Jane will have an optimal
like Optsee that can prioritize projects andfirst quarter (Q1) portfolio mathematically selected
optimize portfolios to maximize portfolio valuefrom more than a trillion possible portfolio subsets.
without exceeding your financial (cost) andIf she wishes, she can easily try other different
resource (people) constraints over a series ofcombination's of constraints, dependencies,
time periods (such as quarterly). Then, you willresource allocations, etc. to compare different
want to use this system periodically to optimizeportfolio results.
such that:Once she is satisfied with her Q1 portfolio, she
- The most valuable or urgent (high priority)repeats the process for the remaining quarters in
projects are always queued first andsequence. Note that costs and resources allocated
- Projects that need to be completed asto incomplete projects started in earlier quarters
prerequisites to priority projects can be movedare handled automatically in each subsequent
up to earlier in the queuequarterly optimization, and completed or dropped
Your optimizer will also need the following:projects similarly free up their allocated money
- Capability to handle specialized resources (skilland resources.
sets) so that they can be handled as individualModeling this way requires two assumptions:
constraints
- Capability to optimize on a per time period basis,1. Costs and resources are level-loaded over the
e.g. quarterlyselected time period and
- Capability to set dependencies between2. Projects can only start at a beginning and stop
projects.at an end of a selected time period
- Capability to "force-in" or "force-out" individualIn practice, neither of these assumptions is a big
projects from the portfoliodeal. In fact, the opposite is true for any
These capabilities allow the manager to optimizesignificant portfolio: trying to find optimal portfolios
his or her portfolio so the most valuable or urgentagainst resource allocation constraints at the task
projects are always queued first. Using Optsee,level becomes a fool's errand as the complexity is
for example, PMOs can get answers in minutes,enormous and the uncertainties are huge.
rather than the days or weeks that many