The 5 Phases of Selling a Business

Did you know that in 1978 it only took 57 daysgrowth of the business, the industry trends, and
to sell a business? Compare that to today, whenpotential issues that may cause problems down
you'll see three out of four businesses NEVER sell,the road. Full disclosure is vital to your successful
and the average time to sell is almost a year.sale because if there's a problem or issue, the
There are ways that you can more effectivelybuyer WILL find it during the due diligence phase.
sell your business. This article outlines a 5-phaseAs you can imagine, your business broker will
strategy for selling a business more easily andspend a great deal of time preparing your
with less hassle.marketing package. However, the hard work
The Upfront Workthat's put into this phase will reap great rewards in
You'll see below that what you do before youterms of the price and terms you get for the
start to sell a business is as critical as what yousale.
do once you put your business on the market.As your broker is creating the marketing
Preparation is critical to successfully selling apackage, he'll simultaneously be putting together a
business, as is having a clear and concise process.pre-screened list of potential buyers.
A good business broker will understand this, andWhile many brokers send information to potential
won't have you sign a contract until you fullybuyers one at a time, you'll want to find a broker
understand how businesses get sold today.who contacts all potential buyers simultaneously. I'll
Phase I - The First Meetingexplain why in a moment. This list should be
Those business owners who take the time to doreviewed with you before any materials are
all the preparatory work of selling a businessdistributed.
stand a much greater chance of actually selling,Step 3: Market the business
and will sell for more money with better terms.This is where things get interesting. Your broker
In the first meeting, your business broker andwill send all potential buyers a short message
you will discuss your financial history, your(phone, email, mail) announcing the availability of
employees, and your market. He'll try toyour business. Your broker may also list your
understand where you're strong in the market,business for sale on one or more online "market
and where your competition is stronger. Ideally,places" that list businesses for sale. While these
he'll already know your market, perhaps bettercan work well for small businesses, they are far
than you.less effective for the "middle market" (businesses
The goal of the initial meeting is to see what youthat sell for over $1 Million).
need to do to make your business attractive toWhat they receive is a "blind summary" that gives
buyers. It's a waste of your time (and money) tothem enough information to decide whether to
just sign up with a broker because he says he'llproceed and get additional information. Your
get your asking price. Remember that 3 out of 4privacy is protected, and they won't discover who
businesses don't sell because they're not in ayou are until they've signed a non-disclosure
position to sell.agreement and have demonstrated that they
Your broker should give you an honesthave the financial means to buy your business.
assessment, and let you know if you need to goThat final step of demonstrating financial ability is
back and add value to your business beforeeven more important today than it's ever been in
proceeding.the past.
Once you're ready, you'll move to Phase II.Step 4 - Refine the buyer list
Phase II - Learn More, Do Research, and AddNow, you'll choose a short list of potential buyers
Valuewith whom you'll want to move forward. Ideally,
Phase II is where your business broker starts toyou'll have at least two and up to four or five
take over. He or she will do a tremendousvery good buyers. These are the buyers who
amount of research, including analyzing five yearstruly understand the value of your business, and
of your financial records. He'll perform a financialare in a good position to move forward with the
recast for you, research what has recently sold insale.
your area or market, and then hand you a shortStep 5 - Meet with the potential buyer(s)
list of specific ways that you can add value toNow, your broker and you will meet with the
your business before putting it on the market.potential buyers for an hour or two. They'll want
This phase is crucial to your success. You'll taketo get a better understanding from you about
the time to "recast" your financials into reportsyour business, the opportunity, and the risks.
that are easily digested by potential buyers andThey'll ask some very pointed questions, which is
their banks. You'll want to put all your financialwhy you should spend so much time up front in
records in terms that enable them to quickly seepreparation.
if the business will give them the profit andAny objections or issues they uncover may
income they want.cause them to turn away or bid a lower price.
Taking the time to add value, even if it's just onStep 6 - Put the business up for auction
paper, can make or break your sale in the longYour goal is to create a "bidding war" for your
run. You won't have to do everything your brokerbusiness. You've talked with two or three buyers,
successes, but it's a good idea to at least clean upand each is convinced that they'll benefit from
your financial records so that there are no hiddenowning your business.
problems for the buyer.They'll submit bids, all at the same time. You
In Phase II, you'll decide when will be the rightprovide a specific date for bid submission so that
time to sell your business. It may turn out thatall bids arrive at the same time.
the best time for you to sell is five or moreThis enables you to easily compare all the offers
years down the road, after you've done all youthat are on the table, see how they stack up
could to build value and prepare yourself and youragainst each other, and make a wise selection in
family for the sale.choosing the best offer that also has the best
Everything has to be put on the table during thislikelihood of completing!
phase. You want to provide the buyers with allPhase IV - The Due Diligence Phase
the information they need to make educatedThe due diligence phase of selling a business is
decisions about buying or not buying yourreally the toughest part, and it's where most deals
business. Time spent wisely in this phase can cutfall apart. The reason you spend so much time up
months off of the due diligence phase.front, and why you fully disclose the good, bad,
Phase III - Marketing Your Business to Buyersand ugly about your business is that buyers WILL
There are six distinct steps in this phase.find all the issues during this phase.
Step 1: Get the agreement signedYou run the risk of the buyer backing out or
You should not have signed an agreement withreducing their offer to compensate for the new
your business broker before this phase. Why?issues they've uncovered. Remember that the
Remember that I said that you might not bebuyer's attorneys and bankers are actively looking
ready to sell for a few years? Your agreementfor potential problems and risks, so if you've
with the broker is a short-term (usually a year)already disclosed everything, they will have
contract to sell your business. It's in yours andnothing to find.
your broker's best interest to only sign theThey'll do financial audits, environmental audits,
agreement when you're ready to sell.information technology audits, and generally invest
Step 2: Create the marketing materials andquite a bit of time (months in some cases) looking
packagethrough your business.
When you're ready, your broker will create aPhase V - Closing the Deal
marketing package that contains everythingUsually, the final phase starts at the same time as
prospective buyers need to make a go/no gothe Due Diligence phase. You'll get all the
decision.paperwork in order, conduct final negotiations,
The marketing package is a 50+ page "book" thatdraft additional agreements and exhibits, and get
includes all your relevant financials, detailedeverything ready to go for signing and closing of
information about your business, information aboutthe deal.
your employees and company, and even photosThen, once the funds have been put into your
if applicable.bank account, you can start the party!
You'll include relevant plant information, equipmentFor more information about selling your business,
lists, leases, and contract arrangements. You'll alsoplease contact Kris Karlson at Bowman/Hanson,
provide relevant information about the potentialCalifornia Business Brokers.