Understanding the Letter of Intent (LOI) in the Sale of a Business

The letter of intent is an essential step inand expense of due diligence, the seller and his
facilitating the sale of a business. The purpose isbusiness broker or merger and acquisition advisor
to establish the economic framework for buyerare not allowed to actively market the business
and business seller to move to the due diligenceto other interested parties.
phase. It basically says that with all the availableIf you are the seller and you get your LOI, don't
information I have thus far seen and if that allcelebrate yet. Make sure the financials that the
stands the scrutiny of due diligence, I am willing tobuyer is analyzing to come up with his offer are
buy your business for X dollars under Y paymentprofessionally done using GAAP. Normally a
terms. It is however, non- binding pending themeasuring point is established in the LOI with
execution of mutually acceptable purchasethose financials for net working capital. There will
agreements.be an adjustment made to the transaction value
If I am a seller, I am going to insist that I have(post closing adjustments) depending on the new
this letter establishing the economics of the dealnet working capital balance post close.
before I agree to allow my company to beIf the buyer is looking at sales forecasts prior to
turned inside out with buyer staff and advisors. If,submitting his LOI, make sure they are
as the seller, I want $5 million and the LOIconservative and accurate. If you have some
specifies $4.5 million, I am going to attempt tomajor sales losses or the pipeline moves to the
negotiate up before I counter sign this letter. If Iright (they always do) some buyers may attempt
am still short on price and terms, I continue to sellto call that a material adverse change and look
the company to other interested buyers.for an adjustment in purchase price.
If I am the buyer, I want the seller to commit toFinally, the LOI is normally a three to seven page
my economic parameters before I spenddocument without a lot of legal boilerplate. The
thousands going through due diligence. The otherpurchase agreements that follow will take care of
important element of the LOI from the buyer'sthat. So expect 30 pages or more. Focus your
perspective is exclusivity. The buyer will lock upefforts on the economic parameters and
this company for a period of from 30 days to 90conserve your legal budget. You will need your
days to complete their due diligence and executeattorney most for his help with the purchase
mutually agreeable definitive purchase agreements.agreements.
That means that in return for the time, effort